【高考英语语法填空】高考英语中的“语法填空”题型是考查学生对英语语法知识掌握程度的重要部分。该题型通常出现在试卷的第二部分，要求考生在不给提示词的情况下，根据上下文内容，填写合适的单词形式，包括词性转换、时态、语态、冠词、介词、连词等。
为了帮助考生更好地掌握这一题型，以下是对近五年高考英语语法填空题目的总结与分析，并以表格形式展示典型题目的答案及解析。
一、题目类型总结
1. 词性转换题：如将动词变为名词、形容词变为副词等。
2. 时态和语态题：根据句子的逻辑关系判断动词的时态和语态。
3. 冠词和介词题：考查常见冠词（a, an, the）和介词的正确使用。
4. 连词和从句引导词：如 if, whether, because, that 等。
5. 固定搭配和习惯用法：如 “have a good time”, “be used to” 等。
二、典型题目及答案汇总（近五年）
| 年份 | 题目片段 | 答案 | 解析 |
| 2023 | I was surprised to find that she ___ (work) in a small shop. | was working | 时态一致，表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作 |
| 2023 | He is the only person who ___ (know) the truth. | knows | 主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 |
| 2022 | She has been waiting for him ___ two hours. | for | 表示持续的时间段，用介词 for |
| 2022 | It is important that we ___ (take) care of our health. | take | 在“It is important that...”结构中，从句要用虚拟语气，即动词原形 |
| 2021 | The book is not as interesting as ___ (I) expected. | I | 比较结构中，需用代词 I 的主格形式 |
| 2021 | We should try to avoid ___ (make) mistakes. | making | avoid 后接动名词形式 |
| 2020 | The meeting was held in the hall ___ (locate) at the back of the building. | located | 过去分词作定语，修饰 hall |
| 2020 | If you had studied harder, you ___ (pass) the exam. | would have passed | 虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的情况 |
三、备考建议
1. 掌握基础语法知识：如时态、语态、非谓语动词、从句等。
2. 积累常用短语和搭配：如 “look forward to”, “get used to” 等。
3. 多做真题练习：通过历年真题熟悉出题思路和常见考点。
4. 注意上下文逻辑：语法填空不是孤立地考语法，而是结合语境进行判断。
5. 加强词汇积累：尤其是词性转换相关的词汇，如 “act → action”, “write → writer”。
通过系统复习和针对性训练，考生可以在高考英语语法填空中取得理想成绩。希望以上总结能为你的备考提供帮助。
